Us defcon level 37/13/2023 ![]() ![]() Still, there was a serious risk that Cuba and the Soviets would consider the quarantine as an act of war and respond accordingly.Īt 7:00 p.m. A “blockade” would mean that nothing could enter or leave Cuba, while a “quarantine” would mean only that offensive weapons couldn’t enter. Second, the blockade would be described as a “quarantine.” This was partly semantics, but not entirely. ![]() Activating the treaty required a two-thirds vote of the Organization of American States, which was obtained. First, the US would justify the action under the Treaty of Rio, under which the US undertook the defense of the Western Hemisphere. EXCOMM now favored a naval blockade of Cuba as a first step, but that option presented a problem: under international law a blockade was an act of war.ĮXCOMM decided to reduce the threat level of the blockade in two ways. Kennedy and EXCOMM met virtually all day, trying to come to a consensus on a plan. However, a blockade of the island was also on the table, and as the day wore on opinion at EXCOMM began to lean toward a blockade. Final, executable plans were now drawn up for a full-scale invasion of Cuba by the US Army, Navy, Marines, and Air Force. Ongoing U-2 flights now confirmed the existence of four fully operational ballistic missile sites. Kennedy didn’t let on that he knew this was a lie. Kennedy met with Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko, who claimed any Soviet weapons on Cuba were purely for defensive purposes and posed no threat to the US. The options of doing nothing or relying on uncertain diplomatic efforts therefore fell off the table. Even if the invasion succeeded and even if no nuclear weapons were deployed, the USSR would have to react in some way, probably by seizing Berlin.ĮXCOMM was to some extent backed into a corner because President Kennedy had told the American people in September that the US would not allow Cuba to be in a position to attack the US, but would act. The Joint Chiefs strongly recommended a full-scale invasion of Cuba, but Kennedy was skeptical. ![]() Throughout the crisis, EXCOMM would be the key player on the American side, negotiating with Khrushchev and the Soviet Politburo.ĮXCOMM quickly outlined the obvious possible American responses: do nothing, rely on diplomacy, invade Cuba in force, blockade the island. The most important members included, in addition to the President: Vice President Lyndon Johnson, Secretary of State Dean Rusk, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara, Secretary of the Treasury Douglas Dillon, Attorney General Robert Kennedy, CIA Director John McCone, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Maxwell Taylor, Ambassador-at-Large Llewellyn Thompson, Special Counsel Theodore Sorensen, and National Security Advisor McGeorge Bundy. The group consisted of the nine members of the NSC plus five other key advisors selected by JFK. President Kennedy was briefed the next morning (October 16) and that evening he convened what would come to be known as EXCOMM – the Executive Committee of the National Security Council. (Soldiers being sent to Cuba to help with the buildout were outfitted with fleece-lined cold-weather parkas, ski boots and other winter equipment.) This is eerily similar to the lies Putin told the West, his own people, and his own military ahead of the invasion of Ukraine. On October 15 the CIA reviewed the photos and confirmed that they showed medium range ballistic missiles capable of carrying nuclear warheads – “medium” range, but long enough to reach New York and Washington, DC.įrom the beginning of the missile buildup, the Soviets had lied about their plans – lying to the Americans, the Cubans, the Soviet people and even the Soviet military. This week we’ll walk through the crisis in detail, occasionally noting similarities and differences between Khrushchev and Putin and between the USSR and Russia.Īlthough the US had suspected the Soviets of building missile systems in Cuba as early as August, it wasn’t until photographic confirmation was obtained via a U-2 flight that the crisis took shape. Last week we looked at the events that led up to the crisis. Previously in this series: Ukraine through the Lens of Cuba, Pt I ![]()
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